Carbureting and vaporizing mfans for internal-combustion engines



Oct. 7, 1930: L. WHITEMAN CARBURETING AND VAPORIZING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Oct. 24, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet l v jFu enTor d; W/Zi mam Oct. 7, 1930. J. L. WHITEMAN 1,777,949

CARBURETING AND VAPQRIZING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Oct. 24, 1929 s Sheets-Sheet 2 EGZ i 1 7 l WM I [Even/"0,

Oct. 7, .1930. J w n' N 1,777,949

CARBURETING AND VAPORIZING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Oct. 24, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 IIHI 1 LZCZ has among itsobjects to provide animp'roved from the engine are caused to pass.

"4 sive mixture tobe heated up so that when adbe employed. Thus, in the caseof heavy oil,

i cent to a, conduit-or chamber or the equivaer fuel,for example, a'nalcohol petrol blend a an oa..7 3o a p j a a 1,777,949hp,

' JAMES ama wnrrEMANjor JOHANNESBURG, TRANsvAAL, sorr'rn: AFRICA "oamaunn'rine varoitrzme MEANS roam-rERnAL-ooMBnsrIoN nuemns Appli cation filed Qctober 24, 1929, s eam; 402,124, and'in Great Britain October is, 1928. I v

r This inventionrelates to carburation and lent through which part of theexhaust gases .method of and means for thee'lfectivevapor- The invention is hereinafter described by I ization'of fuels for use in internal combusway'of example with reference to the accom- '5 'tion engines. The invention is applicable, panying diagrammaticdrawing, in which r for example, to fuels such as alcohol, paraf- Fig. I is a part sectional longitudinal elefin, gas oil," crude oiland light hydrocarvation illustrating apparatus suitablefo'r *bon' oils, and is'of especial utility for 'securcarrylng'out the method specified, "ing eifeotive carburation by the use of heavy Fig. II is across section on the line -22,

1c 'fuelsior fuel mixtures which ordinarily are Fig. I;

, unsuitable for use with carburetors in gen 4 Fig. III is'a plan view corresponding 'to eral-use. v I f Fig. I; and According to the" invention, the compo- Fig; IV is a cross-section on the line 4-4;,

' Dents of the explosive mixture, that is tosay, Fig. I. I v .15 the fuel or fuels andthe air for combustion, In carrying the invention into effect, the

are caused to pass through conduits which supply of fuel or of the components of a fareheated,preferablyby meansof exhaust fuel mixtureimay be led through conduits gases, and wherein thecomponents are sepawhich areso designed and so arranged with- 'rately heatedtosuch a degree that when they in a heated'chamber that in passing through 0' are brought together-and admixed in the the respective conduits the components ob 7C carbureting apparatus, their respective temtain the requisite respective temperatures. 'peratures approximateto the optimum tem- In a preferred construction, as illustrated in 'perature conditions for effective andeconomthe accompanying diagrammatic drawing, ical carburation and-vaporization; Greneralthe chamber l may beheated by providing 25 ly, the fuel or fuels or fuel mixtures should a conduit 2 extending therethrough for the beheated up'toa point approaching,butprefpassage of heated exhaust gases. The part i era'bly not exceeding, the vaporizing point, 3 orthe major part of the conduit 2located while the air supply should not be heated to Within the chamber 1 may be of enlarged such an extent as would result in undue exdiameter or cross-section, while the outlet 4 :30 pansion of the air before it passes into the from the conduit2 may be constructed so that so "mixing chamber. of the carbureting apparathe gases may be compressed as far as possi tus. Atthe same time, however, the fuel or ble to secure the maximum radiation of heat fuel components and'the air should'be heated from the exhaust gases through the wall of up to the maximum permissible degree and the conduit 2 and may extend out downit will be obviousthat the respective temperwardly or laterally through the wall of the at atures maydiffer considerably according to Chamber 1. a the character of the fuelor fuels employeda The conduits for the fuel or fuel compo- The method according to theinvention ennents may be arranged invarious ways in accables the separatecomponents of the explocordance with the particular fuel or fuels to mixed with one another in the carbureting the supply conduit 5 may extend through theapparatus, eachcomponent is approximately conduit 2 org as shown, may extend through a at the most suitable temperature tosecure suitable hole in a longitudinal part6 formed v eflicie nt and effective carburation and vaporintcgrally with and projecting from thecpe- 45 iz ation oreven, if desired, ga siiication, be- I riphery of the conduit 2. Such projecting 5 fore the resulting mixture is utilized in the part may be integrally connected to the wall 1 engine. Conveniently, thecomponents are of the chamber 1 thereby to serve as a spacing heated by causing them to'pass through conmember or support for locating the conduit duits extending through or around or adj a- 2 within the chamber 1. Inlthe case of light- '7 or mixture, the supplyconduit 7 may extend through the chamber 1 in contact with or in close proximity to'the exterior of the enlarged part 3 of the exhaust gas conduit 2. Thus, the fuel conduit-7 may be located in a groove- 8 formed in alongitudinal rib or projectionQ on the exterior periphery of the exhaust-gas conduit 2. i The conduit Z for such lighter fuels may be utilized ior'light fuels such aspetrol by reducing the quantity of the exhaust gases admitted to the exhaust gas condu t'2, the regulationpf the exhaust gases beingeflected,for example,- by 'means of a- -the respective conduit or conduits or by controlling the admission of heated exhaust gas through the exhaust gas conduit or by regulating the quantity of cold air admitted 7 gas conduit 2 or butterfly {valve 10 actuated by a lever arm 1-1 in any convenient manner. Alternatively, a separate conduit- 12 may be provided for 31 ght fuels, suchtconduit 12 extendmg through the airspace 13 surrounding the exhaust gas con- ;duit and being-spaced from the latter and v heated by the current of heated air passing through the said air space 13. The air pass ing through the air space 13 may be utilized forcarburation and .the extent to which it heated is suitably regulated for the purpose before described, either by controlling the rate of flow of: the air through theair space ha-ust gasesfto the exhaust conduitfl by a suitable adjustment of the butterfly valve 10 or by diverting a part oifthe exhaust ga'sesthrough a valved aperture or the qirivae lent at or near the inlet to the exhaust conduit-,2. The respective'conduits 5,7 and .12 are of such crossesection and length and are'so arranged that under normal conditions of Working thei'equisite temperature is imparted t0 the components flowing there- ,through, but regulation of the temperatures maybe effected-by controlling the rate o1"- flow of-tihe :t'uel orthefuel components tarough to the air space 13 surrounding the exhaust by any suitable combination of such means. i a

Inthe case of apparatus according to the invention, designed for use With a particular fuel, only one fuel supply conduit, suitably arranged, is required. In order, however, to enable the apparatus to be utilized asdesired With a variety of fuels or fuel mixtures, a plurality of supply conduits conveniently maybe provided, for-example, in the manner hereinbefore' describedfand may have their inlet ends brought together and connected by two orthree-wayfcocks :or equivalent valves communicating ivith the supply tank or tanks so that the tuelxsupply conduit "or conduits may be selected according to the particular fuel or fuel mixtures inserted into the sup ply tanker tanks; 7 Advantageously, the air space 13 around the. exhaust eonduitfliis of suchcross-section inrelationto the normal able term of valve. 13 or by regulating the admission of the flow of air, that the air is heated up to the If however, the air from the chamber 1 so as to reducethetemperat-ure of the air when necessary before it i is admixed with the vaporized fuel or fuel mixture, it being understood'qtha tthe "outlet is p v for. c nneetie tefihe air ntak to thecarbureting apparatus; =an1e valve. 16

maybe operated by means ofat1itallle lever 5 arm 18. Y I I The .means such as before descr bed for controlling the temperature of the air andth c fuel components maybe regulated separately r,"if desired,*may be connectedtogthe throt tle of the carburetingapparatus suitable ma er'so thatthe ext nt towh h he omponent-sot th f l ar h a ed Zi dependent to some degree on the speed of the 1 gine or the conditions of-load, The airi let-s lemay b un t econtr lof anysult By the means according to the invention,

.bustion 'inay be brought to :the requi e temperature, before it is admixed with fuel.

.or fuel components, While, inasmuch as the latter 0011138111; latent heat supplied by the heatingdevice in accordance 'Wlth the vaporit Will be understood that the 3 air or com-.

iz ng point 0 -the -haterf el: components, a V

perfectly homogeneous vaporization of the fuel or fuel mixture and'eflective' carburation are secured. as before stated, it is alsopossible to so regulate the temp-eraturesltowhich the mixture con'iponen-ts'are heated that on admixing, the fuelisconverted into a gas before it enters th e engine cylinders;

' f It iyillbc understood that the invention is not hunted .to the details of construction hereinbeztore describedfFor example th-e respectivesupply conduits may be arranged in relation to the exhaust gas conduit in any other suitable manner and may be provided in the form of coils or'othervviseas desired Thus, according to amodification the chamber'l may beef cylindrical form anjdzprof videdwvith end'plates having centrally disposed apertures through which they-exhaust gas conduitand one o'rimore of the fuel supply condultsmay extend. In place ofproviding the end plate l'SWlfih air inlets 14 as,

described, the end plate may be of spider formation or maybe otherwise arranged to permit air ,tofloiv intothe ohamberJFurthermore,the chamber 1 may be otherwise heated as by providing it With a jacket through which thel'exhaust gases may be caused topass, in which case the arrangement of thefuel supply conduits is suitably 1nodified. Alternative1y,anyothefsuitable' lieat' Y ing means, such as :electrieal resistances capa- 1 'ble of permittingready regulation of the 5 "temperature ofthe mixture components may be employed.

"1. Apparatusfor I fi laimz W H n V heating fuel and air used for forming the explosive mixture of internair 'combustion en inescomprising. a chamberhaving an air inlet at one end and formed at the opposite" end for connectionto the air inlet p pe of a Carburetor, a conduit for exhaust gases extending through the said chamber, oneor more pipes for supplying'fuel to the nozzle ofa carburetor extending through said chamber exterior to the exhaust gas conduit, means for regulating the flow of exha gases through. aid exhaust gas conduit to gn'iaintain the temperature of the pipes below the vaporizing point of the fuel, and means whereby cold alrmay be admitted lnto the heated a1rpass1ngout from the said cham ber to a carburetor=.air' inlet pipe.

2. Apparatus for heating fuel and air used for forming the explosive mixture of internal combustion engines comprising. a chamber having an air inlet atone end andformed at the opposite end for connection to the air inlet pipe of a carburetor, a conduit for exhaust gases extending through the-said chamber andprovided with a constricted outlet, one or more pipes for supplying fuel tothe nozzle of a carburetor extending through said chamber exterior to the exhaust gas conduit, 'means' for regulating. the flow of 1 exhaust gases throughsald exhaust gas'condu t to maintain the temperature of the pipes below the vaporizing point of the fuel, and means whereby cold air maybe admitted into the heated air passing out from the said chamber "to a carburetor air inlet pipe. 3. In an apparatus forjseparately. heating the components of an explosive mixture, a chamber open at one end'to theadmission of i air,.an exhaust gas conduit arranged within and spaced from the wall of said chamber, a

- heavy fuel. pipe extending longitudinally of thechamber between said chamber and the exhaustgas conduit, and a lighter fuel pipe extending longitudinally of the'chamber beyond the exhaust gas conduit, thelatterconconduit;

duit being arranged substantially in contact with the "exterior surface of the exhaust gas 1 4L. An apparat separatelyheating' the components ofianexplosive mixture includin'gachambercpen at one end for the admission of air, an exhaust" gas conduit ex tending longitudinally of and: Within said chamber, the wall of the'conduit being spaced from thewall ofthe chamber-.150 provide a Go" admission'of exhaust'gases to the exhaust gas eonduit, an'd a plurality of independent fuel heating area, and means forcontrolling the pipes extending lon itudinally of said heat- 1 ingarea, said'pipes eing spaced at relatively different distances from the Wall of the exhaust gas conduit to vary the heating effect:

of the exhaust'gases on the respective fuels.

5. An apparatus for separately heating the components of an explosive mixture includ ing a chamber open at one end forthe admission of air, an exhaust gas conduit extending longitudinallyof and within said chamber, the wall of the conduit being spaced from the wall of the chamber to provide a heating area, means for controlling the admission of exhaust gases to the exhaust gas} conduit, and a plurality of independent fuel pipes extending longitudinally of said heat-.

ing area, said pipes being spaced at relative- 'ly different distances from the wall of the exhaust gas conduit to vary the heating effect of the exhaust gases on the respective fuels, one of said fuel pipes at least being in direct a contact with the wall of the exhaust gas conduit.

6. An apparatus for separately heating the components of an explosive mixture including a chamber open at one end for the admission of air, an exhaust gas conduit extending longitudinally of and Within said chamber, the wall of the conduit being spaced from the Wall of the chamber to provide a heating area, means for controlling the admission of exhaust gasesto the exhaust gas conduit, a-

plurality of independent fuel pipes extending longitudinally of said heating area, said pipes being spaced at relatively'difierent distances from the wall of the exhaust gas con- In testimony whereof I airix mysignature this 25th day of September, 1929. JAMES LEIGHTON WHITEMAN. 

